Diedrich Knickerbocker: “affronted at being taken for a school-master”

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Wednesday, September 24, 2025

BY TRACY HOFFMAN

I’m writing this blog, or starting this blog—in my garage, right before pulling away for the two-hour commute to Baylor. I’ll pick up the writing again at red lights, and then finish up at some point this evening after my classes finish at 5:15.

Yesterday, I had high hopes of getting ahead of this Washington Irving Wednesday. But alas! It was 90 degrees in my office, up five degrees from the usual setting. After chatting with a student around 5 p.m., I put a “gone fishing” sign on the door, packed my bags, and headed home—to work. But alas! Yet again, it wasn’t meant to be.

After cruising the I-35 corridor for about 45 minutes, the freeway was shut down by some reason I never discovered, perhaps an accident or a construction-related matter. Anyhow, I graded two batches of quizzes while stopped, and I also learned through texts and phone calls my sister was in the hospital. After the 30-minute delay of sitting on the freeway, and after visiting my sister at the hospital, who will hopefully be home soon, it was 9:15 by the time I finally got home. I needed a shower after sweating through my clothes at the office and after collecting a variety of germs at the hospital. I needed dinner. I needed to work on my blog. But sadly, no work was done.

Fortunately, though, storms woke me around 4 a.m., so I went ahead and got up for coffee and Washington Irving. I decided to read the texts I had assigned from The Sketch Book: “The Wife,” “A Broken Heart,” “Account of the Author,” and “To the Public.” It’s Sentimental Irving Day in my Washington Irving class, and I was ready to chat about our occasionally sentimental “man of letters.”

On Monday, our class tackled satire and persona as I guided them through pedagogy genre. After sharing definitions for satire and persona, we created Billy Bob “Bubba” Cowboy Jones to tell our satirical History of Texas. Personally, I think Cowboys owner Jerry Jones should be honored that Gen Z students think him comparable to Diedrich Knickerbocker. Perhaps one day we’ll have a Texas team called the Jerrys or the Joneses, like New Yorkers have Knickerbockers.

In our conversations about Diedrich Knickerbocker, the passages comparing him to a teacher jumped out to me. For instance, Seth Handaside in the “Account of the Author“ first describes Knickerbocker as: “a small brisk looking old gentleman, dressed in a rusty black coat, a pair of olive velvet breeches, and a small cocked hat. He had a few grey hairs plaited and clubbed behind, and his beard seemed to be of some four and twenty hairs growth. The only piece of finery which he bore about him, was a bright pair of square silver shoe buckles, and all his baggage was contained in a pair of saddle bags which he carried under his arm. His whole appearance was something out of the common run, and my wife, who is a very shrewd body, at once set him down for some eminent country school-master” (373).

The first description we ever see of Diedrich Knickerbocker suggests a teacher. We learn five paragraphs later, in an effort to help Knickerbocker pay his bills, Mrs. Handaside suggests he “teach the children their letters” while she offers “to try her best and get the neighbours to send their children also” (375). However, Knickerbocker “took it in such dudgeon, and seemed so affronted at being taken for a school-master, that she never dared speak on the subject again” (375).*

In class, we spent a little time comparing Diedrich Knickerbocker to Ichabod Crane, and as I’m digging into genre pedagogy and new ways of considering Ichabod, this comparison seems worth pursuing. We watched film clips of both Ichabod and Diedrich, and Irving clearly overlaps physical qualities and character descriptions.

Today, we built upon our conversation from Monday about persona and satire, by adding a sentimental spin to our recent development, Billy Bob “Bubba” Cowboy Jones. We decided his lady should be a New Yorker, so we went with Eugenia, since that’s the name of Jerry Jones’ wife. Bubba falls for Eugenia Knickerbocker, an outsider visiting Texas. She is bitten by a rattlesnake and smitten by Bubba, when he rescues her from the rattler’s venom.

My students also spun yarns about their own research projects, and I look forward to sharing their ARGs (alternative reality games) with you, later this semester.

As this semester progresses, please know we have much going on behind the scenes, beyond my daily angst with commutes and temperature. Cheryl Weaver, who teaches in New York, is working with me on Washington Irving Wednesdays as an unofficial secretary to the Washington Irving Society. Of course, we’ll make it official when we vote for officers at our next 2026 business meeting in Chicago. Cheryl and I met in Boston at the 2025 ALA conference.

Along with Vice-President Sean Keck, Cheryl and I will be putting together our 2026 call for papers. You can probably guess we plan to have two panels on teaching Washington Irving, tentatively titled Pedagogy and Washington Irving Panel One and Pedagogy and Washington Irving Panel Two.

Please watch for the CFPs and also some blogs from Cheryl.

This is Tracy Hoffman, president of the Washington Irving society, signing off until next Wednesday.

Mug Shot

*Irving, Washington. History, Tales and Sketches. Library of America. 1983.

Sampling Salmagundi: Introducing Students to Washington Irving’s Early Periodical Work

Meal prep for salmagundi. Photo by Tracy Hoffman

Wednesday, September 17, 2025

BY TRACY HOFFMAN

When I teach Salmagundi, I always think about bringing a salmagundi salad to class, but then I decide anchovies probably aren’t the best idea. I wouldn’t want anyone to connect our Washington Irving class to a fishy smell.

According to the Oxford English Dictionary, salmagundi consists of “chopped meat, anchovies, eggs, onions with oil and condiments.”* But when I’ve made my version of salmagundi, I tend to avoid any extra “chopped meat.” The anchovies are enough, but you can make it however you like. The idea is a mixed salad, and we all know how to throw together a salad we like.

My class has cruised through the most popular stories: “Rip Van Winkle,” “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow,” “The Devil and Tom Walker,” and the Bracebridge Christmas stories. I wanted to give students a fun, easy way to start the class, and to get everyone on the same page since a handful had already read Irving in previous classes.

With the basics down, this week we began the chronological sampling of Irving’s larger body of work, starting with the Mustapha letters from Salmagundi. The plan is to finish the semester with snippets from the five George Washington volumes. I only assigned students three of the Mustapha letters, but many also ventured into other articles, so I trust everybody got an overall feel for the twenty issues of Salmagundi.

With all that’s going on this Wednesday of 2025, I find myself trying to imagine Washington Irving’s world of 1807, more than a decade before he published “The Legend of Sleepy Hollow.” Instead of continuing to deal with Ichabod Crane’s role as the chief pedagogue, my mind has drifted into the troubling times of Irving’s life while doing earlier periodical work.

According to the Library of America’s chronology, Irving spends 1807-1808 doing the following:

  • “Co-authors Salmagundi, which receives much praise, with William Irving and James Kirke Paulding.
  • Is a sympathetic spectator at the trial of Aaron Burr in Richmond.
  • Makes periodic visits to Philadelphia.
  • Father dies October 1807; sister Ann Dodge dies May 1808.
  • Continues to visit the Hoffman household and falls in love with Matilda Hoffman.
  • With Peter Irving, conceives the idea of a burlesque historical guidebook to New York. Begins work on it June 1808” (1095).**

It’s almost unimaginable to think of losing father and sister in less than a year, all the while falling in love with Matilda Hoffman, who herself passes away, a little later, in the spring of 1809. The country deals with Aaron’s Burr’s charge of treason, and through all of life’s difficulties, Irving co-writes, anonymously, articles for Salmagundi with his brother William and James Kirke Paulding. He also begins work on more satire, as he plans A History of New York.

Today, in class, I wanted to talk about the pedagogy of genre with regard to satire, and to do some writing activities involving different kinds of satire, but I decided to hold that thought until next week when we read portions of A History of New York. Right now, asking students to critique our society in a satirical way feels forced, but I thought mocking the early days of the Republic of Texas next week, alongside Irving’s mocking of New York, would open up a useful application of the genre. I’ll report back next week to let you know how Texas measures up to New York. Until then.

*“Salmagundi, N., Sense 2.” Oxford English Dictionary, Oxford UP, September 2024, https://doi.org/10.1093/OED/4177634030.

**Irving, Washington. History, Tales and Sketches. Library of America. 1983.